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This model simulates creep mechanisms, in which the Kelvin model and the Maxwell model are connected in series in both the normal and shear directions, respectively, at a contact point. The required parameters of the model are stiffness and viscosity in the Kelvin section and similar parameters in the Maxwell section.
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This model incorporates hysteretic energy dissipation within a linear contact law at a contact point, in which normal stiffness on unloading is greater than that on loading. This damping model is realistic for simulations dealing with particles collisions, such as Ball Mills and Screw Conveyors.
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This model incorporates a elasto-plastic behavior under compression visco-elasto-plastic behavior under tension and was developed for the modelling of sea ice |
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The elastic-inelastic power function model consists of a linear elastic process, an inelastic process and a power function process. This model can be used to simulate the energy loss due to collisions, such as rockfall. |
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